26GENETIC ENGINEERING that shipping mishaps can also be blamed for contamination. The accidental mixing of Prodigene vaccine-containing corn with Nebraska soybeans is a prime example.One Way to Guarantee Zero ContaminationWhether genetically engineered crops are restricted to caves, greenhouses, islands, or isolated farms, most people admit that it is impossible to guarantee with perfect certainty that pharm crops will not find their way into food crops. An article in Scientific American outlines the only possible way to ensure that they never mix: any researchers, as well as groups including the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Food Manufacturers of America and the Consumers Union, contend that the only measure sufficient to ensure zero contamination by pharmaceutical crops would be to avoid developing the technology in plants that can find their way into the stomachs of people or farm animals.�0 However, the public, scientists, politicians, and interest groups on both sides of the issue agree that the technology has already advanced too far to turn back. The benefits and the dangers that accompany them pose a dilemma. Most of those involved agree that it is difficult, if not impossible, to reconcile two interests that are in direct conflict with each other: genetically engineering food crops for purposes other than food and guaranteeing that the food supply is safe from contamination.Who DecidesIn the United States three government agencies regulate different aspects of the biotech industry. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires notification that tests will take place, issues permits to test certain varieties of plants that may be toxic, and then removes plants from further oversight once the tests are complete. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures that foods made from these plants are safe for humans and animals to eat. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for the safety of pesticides. FDA publications claim that rigorous safety testing guidelines and consultation services help ensure safety. While acknowledging that consultation is voluntary, the FDA stands behind its policy, claiming, lthough consultation is
