4.2 Obtaining Exemplar Prints53exemplar prints may vary and can include collection from prisoners held on remand, from willing volunteers where the examiner has been instructed by a defense team, or where a particular person is at the stage of assisting the police in their investigation. It can also be necessary to compare the questioned prints with those of persons known to have been at the scene and not involved in the crime (e.g., relatives, attending personnel such as paramedics, victims, and the like). The process should, however, follow the same approach irrespective of circumstance and will require the following equipment: � � � � � � � Inkless paper system Long roll of brown or white paper Ink and roller Marker tape Masking tape Permanent writing equipment Video recording equipment ( 2)In the collection of exemplar prints, an uninterrupted straight walkway is required, ideally of the minimum length required for podiatric gait analysis, typically approximately 20 ft. It is recommended that two podiatrists be present to observe the subject walking during the footprint collection. A line is selected or made on the floor with marker tape and the subject asked to stand behind this with the toes of both feet touching the line and looking straight ahead. A mark is then selected or taped onto the wall surface at the subject eye level and the subject asked to look towards this line at all times. The subject is asked to walk normally towards the wall marker, stepping off with the foot opposite that from which the exemplar print is to be taken and, at the end of the first stride (the second step), the landing position of the foot in question should be noted. An inkless paper sheet is placed in line with, but not at that stage directly over, this position. This process is then repeated a number of times until a reasonably consistent landing place is identified for that foot. The inkless paper sheet is then then quickly and securely taped at this site. Recording equipment, placed to the side and rear of the selected landing position, is switched on and the subject is asked to walk again, this time with the intention being that the foot in question should land completely within the confines of the secured inkless paper sheet, leaving a complete footprint. The process is repeated until a collection of six or more good quality footprints has been obtained, and then the process is repeated for the opposite foot. It is inevitable that a number of prints will be spoiled or partial and these should be carefully filed separately. On each occasion that the foot in question lands on the inkless paper, the observing podiatrists should note whether the step onto the paper appeared to reflect the typical/ anticipated walking pattern of the subject, particularly noting whether there had been any attempt by the subject to amend the gait pattern in order to alter the form of their footprint. Typical examples of such amendments include pulling back the toes to avoid leaving a toe imprint, contracting the foot during the stance phase to leave only a partial impression, attempting to smudge the footprint by introducing shearing or torsion movements during the stance phase, and leaving only a partial